Key Words in Marketing (Customer Relationship Management) Essay

Key Words in Marketing (Customer Relationship Management) - Essay Example In the discussion section of the essay, the way how CRM evolved in the marketing and benefits of this mechanism in the marketing field have been explained. Customer Relationship Management The marketing concept of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implies an unconventional strategic initiative to align organisational goals with the customers’ expectations and preferences. With the adoption of this process, the companies tend to improve their transparency commitment towards the customers and attain substantial competitive advantages through their understanding of customer likings accurately. With the collection of data, the companies can also design better strategies for developing the consumer behaviour and therefore, stimulating a change in the overall marketing trend. Today, when the market diversity has become a major challenge owing to globalisation effects and technology advancements have made communication processes more effective as well as complex, understanding t he various segments in the market and serving the customer effectively has become a major factor of concern for modern day companies. It is in this context that the concept of CRM has gained considerable importance among modern business firms that binds all the aforementioned factors in a strategically oriented and objective-driven manner (Kamakura et al., 2005). The major benefit that a company can derive from the adoption of CRM is the analysis of the long term relation to be developed with the present and probable customers and also move ahead with an intention for increasing the profit margin and sales of the company. CRM also helps to increase their value towards the shareholders by conducting various marketing activities targeted towards the development and maintenance of the relationship persisting amid the customers and the company (Kamakura et al., 2005). Thus, CRM facilitates in the overall development of an organisation, maintaining a deeper association with the customers ’ expectations and thereby, ensuring a more sustainable growth altogether. Literature Review In the recent years, it has been observed that the concept of CRM has received an increased significance in the business and marketing contexts of organisational management. According to Parvatiyar & Sheth (2002), CRM, as an unconventional marketing management framework, implies a broader attention of the modern companies for understanding the various needs of the customers and also incorporating their knowledge of customer preferences to align the strategic operations accordingly. The significance of practicing the CRM concept can also be argued with respect to the companies’ need for obtaining accurate understanding of customers’ preferences and expectations to be incorporated in their marketing strategies with the intention of improving the cooperative relations with their customers and increase the sales and profitability in a sustainable manner therefore. According to Tadajewski & Saren (2009), in marketing, the terms, ‘relationship marketing’ and ‘CRM’ are used as an alternative to each other. Both of these terms are used for forecasting a wide range of perceptions observable amid the targeted customers that further influence the market trends to a substantial extent. Among these perceptions, few of them provide a very narrow explanation of the functional marketing whereas few of them determine the broader framework of the marketing

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Research Paper Example The study objectives of this study include the analysis of the status of internet marketing in Hong Kong, to examine the effectiveness of internet marketing at Hong Kong, and to examine the behavior and the viewpoints of consumers, towards internet marketing (Anderson, Claes, & Lehmann 53). Introduction There is no doubt that the internet continues to shape consumer trends not only in Hong Kong, but also in the rest of the world. The internet has grown into a crucial source of information for the entire population. In response to this trend, and the growing influence of the internet, advertisers and marketers found it a useful tool to reach target consumers. Due to the integrated nature of the role of the internet in marketing, the effectiveness of online advertising has remained an issue of debate among consumers, scholars and advertisers (Charlesworth 33-334). This paper will be an analysis of the status of internet marketing in Hong Kong and its effectiveness in shaping purchasing behaviors of Hong Kong consumers. Basically, the paper will analyze the role played by internet advertizing in influencing Hong Kong’s consumer behavior. ... ance publication of 2008 noted that the amounts spent on internet advertising in Hong Kong are in the range of HK$ 172 million, for the opening quarter of 2008. Of the total expenditure, electrical and computer appliances grouping contributed the most, giving a total of HK$ 30 million. During this quarter of 2008, more than 1000 advertisers advertised their wares over the internet: 5.5 billion internet-advertising impressions and 2800 campaigns. Previous studies show that advertising – directly or indirectly influences the purchasing behavior of consumers. According to Charlesworth, customers with a fair outlook towards advertising are more likely to be influenced by advertising – into making purchases (67-69). Undoubtedly, there are many types of advertisements, which people can use to advertise their products and services. Currently, internet advertising has proved to be the most effective method of marketing products. The emergence of the internet as a tool for marke ting has so far proved to be one of the most effective methods of boosting consumer behavior. It is imperative to note that internet use began in 1980s and has since grown tremendously throughout the world. The emergence of new technologies such as fiber optics has even led to the increase of business opportunities, but its use as well. All over the world, over 150 million people use internet for various purposes, and the numbers keep on increasing each day. Today, through internet, the world has become a global village where consumers use the smallest gadgets—mobile phones—to buy products and services (Faber, Lee, and Xiaoli 447). From internet banking to money transfer to online purchasing, the internet has become a powerful device in the consumer industry. Various governments are busy putting

Changing Roles Of Nurses Nursing Essay

Changing Roles Of Nurses Nursing Essay The role of nurses has grown considerably in the last decade in accordance with the rapid changes in technology, as well as political and socio-economic developments. The perioperative practitioners play a significant part in this all nursing profession. However, the role of perioperative nurses considerably changes in the operating theater for a variety of reasons. For instance, the diverse regulations and rules clearly explain the role of these nurses in the operating room. In addition, from the viewpoint of legal, moral, and professional perspective, the role of nursing within the perioperative landscape has come many challenges. The changing environment dealing with professional accountability and its effect on the scope of nursing practice has emerged. According to Boss (2002), the changes in the nursing roles over the years have been influenced by several guiding codes; Code of Professional Conduct (UKCC 1992) and Code of Professional Conduct. These changes include the whole arena of developing roles in perioperative nursing which include working as advanced scrub practitioner (ASP). Dowling (1996) explains that these new functions of nurses deal with principles like meeting the needs of patients, giving an all rounded, complete care as well as developing needed skills. In addition, responsibility and accountability are essential skills are required in this field. Nurses who serve as ASP have several issues to content with such as independence, professional accountability, and duty to care in addition to legal issues. Of late, nursing has developed into all the functional activities which arose as a result of the technological, socio-economical and political changes. The ASP is part of all this nursing activities since their roles always vary for several reasons in the operating theater. For instance, different regulations and rules always define the roles of the ASP nurses who operate within the theatre are generated differently. In the ethical, legal and professional perspectives, the ASP preoperative environments have many new challenges which must be addressed on a daily basis. The ever changing boundaries of professional responsibilities and their influence on the practice have emerged. The clinical and practice influence has influenced the academic, professional and academic development of the Scrub Theatre practitioners. The Advanced Theatre Scrub Practitioners are personally accountable for their practice and must always work in a cooperative and collaborative manner with the healthcare professionals and other people who are involved in provision of care, respect and recognize their contributions to the care team. For the Advanced Theatre Scrub Practitioners to be successful in their careers, they must be effective and always work towards achieving a certain goal. The Advanced Theatre Scrub Practitioners provide the nursing care to the patients in a perioperative environment and they also deal with the technical and instrumentation equipment that will be used during the whole process. Emotional labor is always very crucial for both the nurses and the ASP and it ahs been established to be very important in the nursing profession. In the Operating theatre, the ASP have to consider two major areas in their work which include one, to keep the surgeon dealing with the patient happy and the second, not to upset the surgeons. The second point is a big reminder that if the ASP can make the Surgeon jovial and happy, then they will be very sure that they will not upset the surgeons. It is highly recommended that the ASP maintains the emotional labor with the co-employees rather than the patients. The roles of the healthcare professionals have changed considerably over the years and the nurses have been particularly affected. These changes have arose because of the code of professional conduct, the code of professional conduct and guidance. These changes have affected the whole area of the perioperative nursing such as the Advanced Scrub Practitioner who was formally known as the First Assistant. The Advanced Theatre Practitioners always have many issues to contend with which includes the duty of care, autonomy and other legal and professional accountability. The development of the extended roles like the Advanced Scrub Practitioner has also created dangers that the nursing profession could end up in a very bad state of confusion. Nurses therefore have to be aware that accepting the roles of the ASP issues which include underpinning education of practice and development and the high standards of care that the patients require and deserve are considered in the requirements of the governing bodies and the healthcare management. The roles of the ASP therefore must be undertaken by a very competent and qualified practitioner who should have received the renown training of this role and aware that the care of the patient is paramount before anything else. Therefore, the role of the ASP gives the nurse who acts in this capacity a chance to provide a very holistic care to each and every patient. The PCC Act of 2003 therefore clearly states that the duties of the ASP do not at any cost involve any surgical interventions. The role of the ASP doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t require extended practice but instead the role is already established into the theater nurse role and as such, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t require any specific training. The roles of the ASP therefore require some specific training competencies and needs and that this role should be clearly states in the contract employment and job description of the people who undertake this practice. The NMC (2004) in their code of professional conduct didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have any objection for the practitioners to develop the scope of their practice but instead requested that the ASP concerned be competent for the jobs and always be mindful of the professional and personal accountabilities that they bear for their actions. As such, there are several points in the code of NMC which refer to autonomy when considering the professional practice of the ASP. The ASP should be able to support and protect the health of the individual patients and the clients. Another role was that the ASPs were professionally accountable for their actions and therefore they should be responsible and answerable for their omissions and actions regardless of any directions they get from the other professionals. Another point was that the practitioners should able to realize their strengths and weaknesses so that they can be able to protect the patients who are under their care. The specific duties and specifications of the Advanced Scrub Practitioner will therefore include but are not limited to: Performing skin preparation prior to surgery of the patients. Draping. Performing tissue and skin retraction. Handling of the tissues and manipulation of the organs so that they can be prepared for exposure or access. Handling the instruments which will be used in the surgery. Enhancing the communication channels between the ward, the theatre and the patient and even performs preoperative assessment and offer postoperative care evaluation for the patients. They are responsible for the application of indirect electrocautery under the supervision of the superiors. They are responsible for the use and maintaining of the specialized surgery equipment in their areas of working. They are required to perform the male and female characterization and also cut off the ties and sutures. The ASPs should assist with haemostasis so that to secure and maintain a very clear operating field. They are responsible for holding the camera so that there is invasive access surgery to the patients. The ASP should assist in positioning the patients and also conduct a tissue viability assessment. They should handle the tissues and manipulate the organs for access or exposure. It is therefore important to note and be aware that the role of the ASP is extended which requires validated training and those they are obliged for the maintenance of the high standards while bearing in mind the protection and support of the patients in a professional and accountable manner. On the other side, it is also worthy noting that although the use of technology can help in the optimum care of the patients, there should be a very strong need for interaction between the surgical patients and the perioperative practitioners.

The Innumerable Benefits to Home Schooling Essay -- Home-School Educat

The Innumerable Benefits to Home Schooling In his book The Right Choice – Home Schooling, Chris Klicka argues that â€Å"Sending our children to the public school †¦ is tantamount to sending our children to be trained by the enemy† (Crank 25). Though his words may be considered harsh by some parents, many Americans agree with him and feel that public school is only endangering their children; home schooling is the modern day alternative that many mothers and fathers have chosen to turn to. Those who feel that the world of the public school is detrimental to their children’s growth and health are not alone; they share the beliefs of many parents who feel that home schooling has many benefits and advantages that public schools cannot offer to students today. Among complaints about public schools is that they are anti-religion. Advocates for home schooling say that children cannot be brought up in a religious atmosphere at home and then be sent to school where it is challenged or ridiculed. This would be very difficult for a child, especially because it can be difficult for adults at times. Former President of Yale University, Timothy Dwight, even stated, â€Å"to commit our children to the care of irreligious persons is to commit lambs to the superintendency of wolves† (Crank). There are two primary ways in which schools are classified as anti-religion. Schools may directly attack a religion by supplying its students with books of history and literature. In historical references, there is little about the positive effects of religion and in literature, it can be attacked very subtly, while other books convey its evil side. Schools are often also considered anti-religious is because they can completely ignore religion, which ... ...m/campaign/815/c3teachers.html Christian Home Educators of Florida. (2003). Retrieved November 19, 2003. from http://www.christianhomeeducatorsofflorida.com/faq.htm Crank, D. (2002, Dec. ). Why are you home schooling?. Unless The Lord ... Magazine. Retrieved Nov. 23, 2003, from http://www.unlessthelordmagazine.com/articles/Why%20Homescho oling.htm Curry, Lorraine. (1997). Homeschool World: Combining Work and Homeschool. Retrieved November 23, 2003. from http://www.home-school.com/Articles/phs18-lorrianecurry.html Donaldson, K. Pros. Retrieved Nov. 19, 2003, from Bowling Green State University: http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/edhd/LPS/EDFI/SampleWebs/Fall02/26/pros.htm Lechtreck, Roy. (1994, January). The Case for Homeschooling. Retrieved November 19, 2003 www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/educationhomeschoolingorchildren/ casehomescho.shtml

Cultural and Relationship Values Analysis Essay

Baderman Island Resorts has decided that it is a good time to implement a new employee handbook. Please be sure to read this memo in its entirety to understand why the handbook has been changed. Baderman Island Resort continues to grow in popularity and brings all types of travelers to the island. Because of this, the Boardman Management Group thinks that having a well-developed employee handbook will be beneficial for current and future employees. Also, The Boardman Management Group understands how important it is that every employee understand the organization’s specific goals, cultural values. As well as understanding the significance of each member of the organization to providing the finest customer service to our guests. Baderman Island Resorts will be changing to follow a more compliance-based cultural system. Boardman Management Group feels that this change will allow for increased growth, success and profitability. This new system is not meant to discourage the employees from continuing to take the initiative to be self-motivating and to continue to provide quality customer service. The internet blog section will continue to remain so employees can make suggestions and offer ideas. This new handbook will still encourage anindividual-based culture. Employees are responsible for their own job performance and for making sure that they follow the policies and procedures. Although there will indeed be times when a team-based culture will be necessary in order to complete certain duties accurately and successfully. The mission and vision statement for all employees is the quality customer service, an extraordinary vacation experience where the guests’ needs and desires are met above and beyond, and to guarantee the guests will not be disappointed. There has been a change to the mission and vision statement that discusses the future additions and attractions that are the process of developmental stages which will show the future and current guests that the Baderman Island Resort will be the place to visit in the future. The first thing that will be covered in the new employee handbook will be employer rights. This will include health and safety, diversity, affirmative action and due process procedures. There will also be coverage of the employee rights as well. This will include the same items covered in the employer rights. The final use of the employee handbook will be as a training, reference, and compliance tool to help the organization stay organized and focused on the goals and objectives of the company. Employees will be able to stay knowledgeable on the policies and procedures, and to remind the employees of the employer’s responsibilities and their rights. My hope is that this memo has been informative towards the new employee handbook and the direction that Baderman Island Resorts is heading towards. I believe that the new employee handbook will be an excellent tool for the employees to prevent confusion and questions that the employees may have. Employee Handbook for Baderman Island Resort Mission and Vision of Baderman Island Resort The mission and vision statement for all employees is the quality customer service, an extraordinary vacation experience where the guests’ needs and desires are met above and beyond, and to guarantee the guests will not be disappointed. Cultural Values of Baderman Island Resort Baderman Island Resort has the belief that in order to continue to succeed in the current market that the organization will need to become a morecompliance-based culture. To ensure that all laws are followed to make sure that the integrity of the company and employees is followed. Employee Rights Baderman Island Resort is an Equal Opportunity Employer (EEOC). The company’s philosophy is to recognize individual attributes and values that each employee brings to the job with respect and acknowledgement. By recognizing these principles it will allow the company to successfully reach its goals of providing excellent customer services and ultimately corporate profitability. Employer Rights Baderman Island Resort has contracted with an employment law firm to provide legal advice and to handle any employee/employer disputes and EEOC issues. Baderman also has the responsibility to ensure a safe and healthy work place for all employees. However in the event that an employee is injured on the job or becomes ill, workers compensation and FMLA leave are offered as well.

Consider the role and status of victims Essay

Consider the role and status of victims In the criminal Justice system There can be more than one way to define a victim, In one instance It’s believed that a victim is someone that has been harmed physically, emotionally and/or economically harmed by incriminating actions perpetrated by another being. (Carmen 2010) It can be argued that the family of the offender is in fact a victim too. In the sense that family and friends may experience the lost of a family member or a friend. F they were to become Incarcerated as a result of their actions. They may also have to deal tit news reports if the offense makes the media and the ‘shame’ that comes with having a family member or friend in prison and televised. The victim’s family/friends also have to deal with a lost, in crimes such as murder, or a crime that incorporates drastic change that can revolutionist the life of these individuals. Organizations/ companies can also be tricked and schemed, potentially tur ning them into victims. Rimes such as fraud and Illegal downloading are In fact crimes too. It can be said that all these people employed within the business and the business Itself is In n fact victims too. This essay will consider both the role and status of victims within the criminal Justice system describing the concept of the part a victim plays within a criminal proceeding and also touching upon the likeliness of one to become a victim and reasons for this. When considering the status of a victim some are more fitting of the Victim status’ than others. So who are these likely victims? Is there a particular group of people or an individual that is deemed more likely to become a victim than any other person? It’s arguable to say that, the place where someone lives, their race, age, sexuality and/ r gender are in fact factors that may increase ones chances of becoming a victim of crime. Briggs 2009) This hypothesis supports the perspective that one’s chance of becoming a victim is in fact unevenly spread across society (Davies 2010) For example Davies (2009), expresses how the difference In age Is relevant to volitionally Innocent children and the elderly being perceived as particularly vulnerable (Davies 2009 IPPP) The youngster hold habit of hanging on the streets, Increasing the chances of them becoming a victim of street crime such as robbery, assault and theft. While the elderly are subjected to stay indoors due such factors as Ill health, incapability to get around and bad weather conditions. These factors all help to increase the likeliness of them becoming a victim of a household crime. (Davies 2010). Carbine tall (Bibb expresses the typical offender to be male’. (Carbine tall 2009. Up. 186) and found that those that tend to live in the run-down inner city- and areas of council accommodation† were in fact more likely to commit crime. Seeing these Individuals as Unalterable to crime problem occurring. ‘ (Carbine tall 2009 Up. 6) Nils Christie (1986) a Norwegian criminologist cited In Newman (2007) proposed that the ‘ideal victim’ is in fact a weak individual in relation to the offender, illustrated that the victim became a victim through acting morally or going about their everyday routine, in that aspect Christie’ theory demonstrates a general care for the victim calling them ‘blamelessâ€℠¢ for what has happened. (Newman 2007 Up. 342-343) Ones race and being an ethnic minorities is seen as a factor that influences the likeliness of becoming a victim as afro-Caribbean and Asians are more at risk of experience a house-hold offense or a personal offense than whites. Some of the offenses that take place against these groups of ethnic minorities may be racially motivated or explained by socio-economic. (Phillips and Bowling 2002) In the sense that one’s socio- economic status is based on their family income, prenatal education level, prenatal occupation, and social status in the community they live in. The concept of the word ‘role’ is to consider a person’s part played in a particular situation. So in the aspect of a victim within the criminal Justice system the role of a cacti lays heavily on reporting the crime and/or providing evidence. These areas hold such significance in helping to solve a case as a victim reporting a crime brings it to the police attention and the evidence shared is more likely to advocate a conviction, as the victim is seen as a witness. This help to decrease the police following up relentless and skeptical leads, and cause the possibly prevention of a conviction. (Carbine teal 2009) In the aspect of the role of victims in the criminal justice system, it’s evident that there is room for improvement. Saved Khan, Chief Executive of victim support agrees that more needs to be done. Criminal Justice agencies need to do more to meet the needs of victims and witnesses. † all too often when they come into contact with the system they are dissatisfied and lose confidence. † (vivisectionist. Com, 2011) When reporting a crime the role of the victim is to tell the story of the incident that has taken place, it’s the police decision whether to take actions further and go through the correct processes, of gaining Justice for this victim. With the victim, the sorority of the time there is an inevitable case to be brought forward, however theirs times when the evidence that has been given is taken out of the victims hands and preceded by the officer in charge. This can happen a lot in Domestic violence incidents when the compliant after giving a statement wants to withdraw their statement however it’s too late and the case is set in motion. Using the example of domestic violence another role of the victim would be to attend court, and give evidence to the members of the court such as the Judge Jury (in a trial) prosecutors ND defense. This is the time the victim can ask how the offense has affected them, and the ideal punishment they believe is deserved. In regards to the roles and status of victims in the criminal Justice system, it all subsides to refinancing the criminal Justice system. So that victims are in fact victims are more deemed as Victims’ rather than evidence. This causes controversial, arguments of victim statements and victim statement of opinion being produced in courts, implying the victim in fact has the right to put across the damage the crime as imposed upon them and their family and suggesting the sentence that I to be handed out. However if the offense was so horrifying why do they live to ret-tell the to allow the victim to feel safe, protected and sympathized with. According to The Victims of Crime Act 1994, victims are to be dealt with sympathetically, constructively and in a reassuring manner, and with due regards to that persons individual situation, rights and dignity’ (victim information 2007 Up. L). In some serious cases public protections is given to victims after the incident and or while the criminal case s open. Implementations of counseling, advice and guidance are given when dealing with victims to help the person come to terms with the previous incident, and there rights within the criminal Justice system as a victim. Such services are better known as the VS. -the victim’s service scheme and the JAG – the Justice advocacy unit. (Victim information 2007 Up. 4) In conclusion are victims used to purely gain Justice, or to help punish, those non law abiding citizens? More implementations should be put into place to ensure the cities of crime are in fact treated and portrayed as victims, and not deemed to be vital evidence in a criminal case then neglected once the case is closed. Forgotten players† (Davies 2010, Up 69) or used to facilitate Justice or a criminal conviction, as the criminal Justice system was created to protect the public from those that defy the law. (Davies 2010) the situation has somewhat changed but victims are still feeling let don’t by the system and the treatment and lack of support they are given within and after the process of their situation.

Terrain essays

Terrain essays Advantageous terrain was perhaps the most important factor in the Civil War battles. There are an incredible amount of factors involved in winning a battle which all revolve around the terrain and the position of the units in that terrain. Terrain can effect such things as troop morale, ease of command and strategic placement, profitable early views of the enemy troops, and of course methods of shielding. It has been proven many times throughout history that terrain can be the winning factor in a battle, even in cases where the winner was extremely outnumbered. One of the best utilizations of advantageous terrain, displayed especially during the Civil War, was having the high ground. The high ground enabled the soldiers to dig in and fortify a position with great efficiency. This came in handy especially if the soldiers on high ground were defending, but it also helped immensely when attacking. When defending, a soldier could easily set himself behind a tree or obstacle of some sort and act as a sniper. Longstreet explains it very well in The Killer Angels. He explains, Just put one man behind a tree. You can hardly see him from two hundred yards away, but he can see you. And shoot. And shoot again. How many men do you think it will take to get to that man behind a tree, in a ditch, defended by a cannon, if you have to cross an open field to get him? (Shaara 142) This defensive tactic would of course be best utilized when defending and having the beneficial terrain. Longstreet goes on to explain that it would probably take at l east three men to get to him and the man in the ditch would kill at least two. This method makes perfect sense but amazingly it was not a popular method of battle at the time (and especially prior to that time). He begins to mention that if the soldiers were instead attacking uphill, they were much more apt to lose. This is exactly what happened in the Little Roun...

Quotes from Dracula, Bram Stokers Horror Classic

Quotes from 'Dracula,' Bram Stoker's Horror Classic Bram Stokers Dracula is a classic vampire tale. First published in 1897, the novel was influenced by a history of vampire myths and stories, but Stoker shaped all those fragmented tales to create a literary legend (that was just the start of what we know and understand about vampires in current literature). Even though stories like Polidoris The Vampire and Le Fanus Carmilla already existed at the time when Dracula was first published, Stokers noveland his literary imaginationhelped to spawn a new dimension in horror literature. Here are a few quotes from Bram Stokers Dracula. Quotes from Dracula I read that every known superstition in the world is gathered into the horseshoe of the Carpathians, as if it were the centre of some sort of imaginative whirlpool; if so my stay may be very interesting.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 1, Dracula Notes: The novel is written in the style of a journal, written by Jonathan Harker. Already, the author is playing upon preconceptions and superstitions, and leading us to expect something interesting, although what that might mean is not immediately clear. How does superstition figure into our perception (and fear) of vampires? Was this a customary incident in the life of a solicitors clerk sent out to explain the purchase of a London estate to a foreigner?- Bram Stoker, Chapter 2, Dracula Notes: Jonathan Harker is an everyman, a simple clerk who goes out to do a job and finds himself in the midst of a very-unexpected experienceforeign to his understanding. Hes a stranger in a strange land. As the Count leaned over me and his hands touched me... a horrible feeling of nausea came over me, which, do what I would, I could not conceal.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 2, DraculaWhen the Count saw my face, his eyes blazed with a sort of demonaic fury, and he suddenly made a grab at my throat. I drew away, and his hand touched the string of beads which held the crucifix. It made an instant change in him, for the fury passed so quickly that I could hardly believe that it was ever there.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 2, DraculaThe fair girl went on her knees and bent over me, fairly gloating. There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive, and as she arched her neck she actually licked her lips like an animal... I could feel the soft, shivering touch of the lips on the super-sensitive skin of my throat, and the hard dents of two sharp teeth, just touching and pausing there.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 3, DraculaI bent over him, and tried to find any sign of life, but in va in.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 4, Dracula But, oh, Mina, I love him; I love him; I love him!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 5, DraculaOh Lucy, I cannot be angry with you, nor can I be angry with my friend whose happiness is yours; but I must only wait on hopeless and work. Work! work!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 6, DraculaThe man was simply fastened by his hands, tied one over the other, to a spoke of the wheel. Between the inner hand and the wood was a crucifix.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 7, Draculaa man, tall and thin, and ghastly pale... I crept behind It, and gave It my knife; but the knife went through It, empty as the air.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 7, Draculathere, on our favourite seat, the silver light of the moon struck a half-reclining figure, snowy white... something dark stood behind the seat where the white figure shone, and bent over it. What it was, whether man or beast, I could not tell.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 8, DraculaBetween me and the moonlight flitted a great bat, coming and going in great, whirling circles.- Bram Stoker, Chapte r 8, Dracula I dont want to talk to you: you dont count now; the Master is at hand.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 8, DraculaI am here to do Your bidding, Master. I am Your slave...- Bram Stoker, Chapter 8, Draculait will be for her sake, and I must not hesitate to ask, or you to act.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 9, DraculaAll over! all over! He has deserted me.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 9, DraculaThe whole bed would have been drenched to a scarlet with the blood the girl must have lost...- Bram Stoker, Chapter 10, DraculaNo man knows till he experiences it, what it is like to feel his own life-blood drawn away into the woman he loves.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 10, DraculaThe blood is the life!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 11, DraculaIf that were all, I would stop here where we are now, and let her fade away into peace...- Bram Stoker, Chapter 12, DraculaNot so! Alas! Not so. It is only the beginning!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 12, DraculaHe was very pale, and his eyes seemed bulging out as, half in terror and half in amazement, he gazed at a tall, thin man, with a beaky nose and black moustache and pointed beard...- Bram Stoker, Chapter 13, Dracula Mein Gott! Mein Gott! So soon! So soon!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 14, DraculaThey were made by Miss Lucy!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 14, DraculaIn trance she died, and in trance she is Un-Dead, too... There is no malign there, see, and so it make it hard that I must kill her in her sleep.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 15, DraculaI shall cut off her head and fill her mouth with garlic, and I shall drive a stake through her body.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 15, DraculaThe sweetness was turned to adamantine, heartless cruelty, and the purity to voluptuous wantonness.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 16, Dracula Study Guide Dracula ReviewDracula QuotesQuestions for Study and Discussion Here are a few more quotations from Bram Stokers Dracula. You will, I trust, Dr. Seward, do me the justice to bear in mind, later on, that I did what I could to convince you to-night.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 18, DraculaWith his left hand he held both Mrs Harkers hands, keeping them away with her arms at full tension; his right hand gripped her by the back of the neck, forcing her face down on his bosom. Her white nightdress was smeared with blood, and a thin stream trickled down the mans bare breast, which was shown by his torn open dress.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 21, DraculaAs he placed the Wafer on Minas forehead, it had seared it - had burned into the flesh as though it had been a piece of white hot metal.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 22, DraculaMy revenge has just begun! I spread it over centuries and time is on my side.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 23, Draculayou are but mortal woman. Time is now to be dreaded - since once he put that mark upon your throat.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 23, DraculaI on my part give up the uncertainty of eternal rest and go out i nto the dark where may be the blackest things that the world or the nether world holds!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 25, Dracula As I looked, the eyes saw the sinking sun, and the look of hate in them [the gypsies] turned to triumph. But, on the instant, came the sweep and flash of Jonathans great knife. I shrieked as I saw it shear through the throat; whilst at the same moment Mr Morriss bowie knife plunged in the heart.- Bram Stoker, Chapter 27, DraculaNow God be thanked that all has not been in vain! See! the snow is not more stainless than her forehead! The curse has passed away!- Bram Stoker, Chapter 27, Dracula Study Guide Dracula ReviewDracula QuotesDracula NovelQuestions for Study and Discussion

American Healthcare System and the Rights of Trans People

American Healthcare System and the Rights of Trans People Trans healthcare rights are becoming more and more prominent in the United States; not only is there a push for coverage of hormones and surgery but also is pushing for an overhaul of how we approach our health care in general. â€Å"Transgender people face massive and systemic discrimination within the health care system. From instances of humiliation and degradation to outright refusals to provide care, the health care system presents a minefield of discrimination for transgender people seeking to access care† (TLDEF, 2014). Currently one must be diagnosed with Gender Identity Disorder (GID) by a therapist to be given hormone injections and other treatment. To ask a person to admit something is mentally wrong with them is humiliating and degrading. Rather than face abuse and humiliation many trans* people seek alternative ways of receiving treatment. This is no doubt related to the increasing number of trans* people, especially trans* women, being diagnosed with HIV and AIDS. 2.64 percent of trans people are infected with HIV, which is more than four times the national average rate of 0.6 percent in the general population. (Moskowitz, 2010). â€Å"Where transgender people cannot access health care in a safe and non-discriminatory manner, they often will find what they need outside the mainstream health care system. The use of â€Å"street† hormones, with little direction or medical supervision, is one way that transgender people get what they need when they opt out of the mainstream health care system. Such hormones are often unsafe and unclean, and can seriously harm those who use them. When such hormones are injected, the risk of transmission of HIV and other blood borne pathogens through needle sharing is ever-present† (TLDEF, 2014). Trans* people often experience body dysphoria, a chronic mental illness where the person experiences an incongruity between the way they perceive their body and the way it is in reality. â€Å"For trans people, this can (but doesn’t always) include varying degrees, permutations and combinations of feelings and discomfort around the unwanted presence of breasts and the desire for a penis, testicles and a masculine, virilized body by many trans men, or the unwanted presence of a penis and testicles and desire for breasts and a less virilized, more feminine body by many trans women† (American Trans Man, 2012). It is important to not a trans* person is not born one way and is becoming the other. To a trans* person they’ve always been the gender they identify as, they just don’t have a body that matches. Research has overwhelmingly shown that members of the LGBT+ community are more prone to anxiety and depression. An alarming 41% of trans* people in the United States have attempted to commit suicide. Often being misgendered can be triggering and upsetting for a trans* person. â€Å"LGBT people face: Higher rates of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and phobic disorders, suicidality, self-harm, and substance use among LGBT people Double the risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than heterosexual people LGBT youth and trans people face increased risk. For example: LGBT youth face approximately 14 times the risk of suicide and substance abuse than heterosexual peers 77% of trans respondents in an Ontario-based survey had seriously considered suicide and 45% had attempted suicide Trans youth and those who had experienced physical or sexual assault were found to be at greatest risk† (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2014). In some cases surgery and other treatments should be considered life saving and preventive due to the high suicide risk. It is currently very hard to get health care coverage for reassignment surgery as they are seen as elective; however, in many cases regarding trans* prisoners, courts have ruled in their favor. In 2012, a Massachusetts judged ruled in favor for an inmate’s reassignment surgery. â€Å"Chief Judge Mark L. Wolf ruled that sex reassignment surgery is the only adequate treatment for Kosilek, and that there is no less intrusive means to correct the prolonged violation of Kosileks Eighth Amendment right to adequate medical care’† (Kim, 2012). Not only is there a high suicide risk among trans* people, there is also a staggering number of assaults and and sexual assaults. â€Å"A 2009 University of California, Irvine study of prison inmates in California found that a transgender inmate is 13 times more likely to be sexually assaulted than the average inmate, adding on to security concerns above medical ones† (Kim, 2012). This surgery allowed the prisoner to then be transferred to the prison of their identified gender. â€Å"Health care for trans people is a necessity. It is not elective, it is not cosmetic, it is life-saving† (Cox, 2014). Trans* people experience discrimination disproportionately to the rest of the LGB+ community. Being in a body where you feel like you’re a stranger†¦ Where you feel like you don’t belong and having to deal with that plus the onslaught of transphobia and discrimination is more than anyone should have to bear. We need not just a health care system, but a world where trans* people feel included and welcomed.

The Cute Meet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Cute Meet - Essay Example She is working on her laptop. She glances up and their eyes meet. Romeo (Dramatically) What beauty is this? Ophelia (Mouths the word ‘hi’) Romeo (His fingertips touch the glass) (he continues talking dramatically and exaggerated, even though he is serious) In my life, I have never seen a beauty such as this. I don’t know what to do: whether to go in, or to stay here on this sidewalk. It is like a dream to see such a vision as this. But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the East and Juliet is the sun – INTERCUT BETWEEN INT. AND EXT. Ophelia (Grimaces, looks at camera) My name is Ophelia Romeo (Not hearing her, but thinks he reads her lips) Yes! Yes! I do feel you, I feel every breath you take, every move you make. My heart beats with the rhythm of your soul! My body – It begins to rain, a big dropped, emotional rain like one would see in any other romantic comedy. Romeo stops for a few minutes then a look of anger and horror crosses over his face. He looks down to his tablet as it begins to flash and fizzle out. Romeo Unfreaking believable! Romeo throws the tablet and begins to pump his fist at it in big exaggerated circles. No way! No way! INT: COFFEE SHOP - DAY Ophelia watches through the window, her eyes are wide and she appears to be shocked and confused as she sees Romeo act out and throw his tablet. She lowers her eyes to her laptop and ignores him. We see her writing on her laptop as she composes an e-mail. OPHELIA VOICOVER (Typing) Ok, he is too violent for me. Thought that one was a keeper too. He was really cute and we did this whole eye lock thing. It was like in a movie or something, but no way. No way will I be with some guy who loses his temper over a little rain! You remember the last guy I met and when the rain started? Yeah, that was done right, all Hollywood. His eyes met mine and I was hooked. He stood there for about five minutes just looking at me! Too bad he couldn’t seem to come i n out of the rain. Yeah. LoL. Men are just strange. Ophelia (Her phone rings and she laughs and answers the phone) You never could stand typing. Didn’t I teach you how to short hand it? Uh huh. Uh huh. I know, you would think it would be easy. INTERCUT PHONE CONVERSATION INT: BEDROOM - DAY GASTON, a twenty-something male with traits that suggest he is gay, talks to Ophelia on the phone. Gaston Well maybe you are just too picky. Maybe that boy had something really important on that tablet? You do know, maybe he was in the middle of curing cancer! Ophelia I hardly think so. No one who is going to cure cancer takes the time to shop at Hugo Boss. Besides, if he is curing cancer he isn’t going to have any time for me, now is he. Gaston You just keep thinking that way and you are going to have less and less of these things happening, Miss Cynical. Ophelia Oh no, I am destined to live the dream. Uh huh. Uh huh. No, it is going to happen just like you see in the movies. I prom ise. Why don’t you come to the coffee shop so we can lose the tech? Gaston walks in through the door and hangs up his phone, sitting down next to Ophelia and pulling out an e-reader. Gaston (His eyes on the reader) Good thing you finally got around to that invite, I was tired of holding on to that thing. I gotsta get me a smaller phone! Ophelia (not raising her eyes but

Feminism as Archetype fpr Overcoming Prejudice Essay

Feminism as Archetype fpr Overcoming Prejudice - Essay Example With that said, a close look will be taken in Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles† to illuminate the portrayal of women within a patriarchal society and define how those women work together to overcome their oppression, even though their choices may not have been the best in regards to actual justice. To begin with, â€Å"Trifles† is about two women, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale and the discoveries they make about a Minnie, a woman wanted for the murder of John Wright, her husband. They find conclusive evidence of her guilt, but are sympathetic to Minnie, whom they both see as the victim in the situation. But what, then, is the purpose of justice if women like Minnie can kill whomever they please without consequence? The truth is that Minnie may or may not have been a victim of her situation. She may have had reason to kill John, but there is no real evidence to suggest that she couldn’t have reasoned with him and gotten out of the relationship. Perhaps John was an extr emely violent man who would never have let her leave and who would have continued to abuse her for the rest of her life until she was finally killed herself. Or maybe, Minnie was seeing things in the relationship that weren’t as bad as she believed and she could have found a different route for resolution. The plot is frustrating in that the men are portrayed as cold hearted investigators who care nothing about Minnie’s potential reasons for the murder, or that she might have done so out of self defense or to save herself from a situation she felt she couldn’t control or escape from. This is maddening for a reader because both sides have clear reasons for viewing the situation as they do, and both sides are ultimately correct in their assumptions. Where the women take the sympathetic route, the men take the analytical route, and both come to the same conclusions about Minnie; it is the execution of her justice, however, where the two sides differ. Because Mrs. P eters and Mrs. Hale believe Minnie to be guilty but are more sure of her guilt due to being a victim of her situation, they find themselves trapped in the moral dilemma of whether or not to help her or to hand her over to the proper authorities. One thing that â€Å"Trifles† achieves is to grant the reader enough information to be taken on the morality trip with Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale as well. Evidence for both sides is presented, and though there is a clear bias as to whether or not the men should be trusted because of their callous and over-bearing nature, a reader has to question their own resolve as to what they would do if placed on either side. To take the feminist route and let Minnie go free, or to punish Minnie for murder, despite whatever led her to commit the act. More, to choose to side with the men leaves the clear impression that such a choice is wrong because of the archetypal manner in which the women are defined. The men are almost cruel in their analytica l natures and are described as showing almost zero empathy in their placement of justice. On the opposite side, the women are defined as creatures of pure empathy, sympathetic to the wounded creature of Minnie, willing to help her because she is a human being in pain in need of assistance. It is a jarring sensation, to feel confident in both sides, yet knowing that neither is exactly right. True justice should take both

Sustainability and visual arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability and visual arts - Essay Example The paper tells that nature has had a long history of influencing art, one that has extended from the masters bringing their palettes into their gardens to the contemporary earthworks of Andy Goldsworthy and others. However, in order for art to continue to be influenced by nature there must be nature to be influenced by. In a society where the population and urban landscapes are every burgeoning, Susan Leibovitz Steinman creates new landscapes out of urban devastation to promote sustainability and environmental education. Unlike other artist, who work in sites that can be difficult for the average viewer to experience firsthand, Steinman works in the heart of cities. In Mandela Artscape, Steinman literally worked in the middle of the street, at the crossroads of industry and ecology. This project involved regrouping West Oakland community members to reclaim a part of their town that had been destroyed by an earthquake in 1989, by turning the site into a creative, interactive, and env ironmentally friendly work of art. Steinman is not the first to transform the horrors ofa natural disaster into a reclamation project. In 1964, the "Great Good Friday Earthquake," the second largest recorded earthquake at that time with a magnitude of 9.2 on the Richter Scale, struck Anchorage, Alaska. One-hundred-and-thirty-one people perished, towns were buried, and tsunamis tore across the area. The only possible positive outcome of such a terrible natural catastrophe is the proactive and innovative reaction of the survivors. (US Geological Survey, 2004). The Anchorage Earthquake Park (figure 2) is the result of one particular reaction. The goal of this park was to reclaim a destroyed area and to educate people about the earthquake. There are bike paths, cross-country ski trails, picnic tables, and most importantly, information panels. In 1973, Smithson congratulated the people who reclaimed the Anchorage site through the creation of a park, stating that this action was "an inter esting way of dealing with the unexpected, and incorporating that into the community"(Smithson in Holt 1979: 192). Figure 2: The Anchorage Earthquake Park (Source: http://www.igougo.com/journal-j34852-Anchorage-The_Seward_Highway_Americas_Most_Scenic_Byway.html) The significance of Steinman's work, and that which distinguishes Mandela Artscape from the Anchorage Earthquake Park, is the interactive nature of the creative process, as people from the community were involved in every aspect of the project. It is also this element of engagement with the public that differentiates Steinman's work from others. Promoting Sustainability Steinman is critical of Western capitalist society. She is involved in many groups that have emerged as a response to the problem that the consumerist ideology presents. The Women Environmental Artists Directory (WEAD), for example, is an artist-produced, non-profit, national and international organization that Steinman and Jo Hanson founded in 1996. The WEAD lists over two hundred artists, all of whom adopt an activist approach to raising environmental awareness through art. Themes involve site, community and habitat specificity, an educational agenda, public participation, and works that are often temporary - many ideas that overlap with the new genre public art ideology (Hanson and Steinman, 2012). Steinman is also involved with a group called "eco art network" Similarly, the mandate of this group is to create ecological works of art that promote sustainability and environmental education (Ecoartnetwork.org, 2012). Consumerism is a basic concern for artists involved in environmental art, sometimes referred to as "ecoart." As stated by artist Ruth Wallen, "much ecoart is motivated by a recognition that current patterns

Microsoft Zune vs Apple iPod Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Zune vs Apple iPod - Essay Example Apple released its first-ever portable media player, iPod Classic, in 2001. Like the usual portable media players, one can listen to music, watch videos, show pictures and even play games on the iPod. Apple has since modified the original iPod and has made it small and wearable (iPod Shuffle) and with more and more features like having built-in Wi-Fi and enabling it to record and edit HD videos, download and play online games, among other things. Each product has its own device generation as well.Microsoft released its own media player device in the year 2006 and called the original Zune 30. The numbers in their name indicates how big the capacity of the device is. Zune 30 can play songs, video and show pictures just like the iPod. The only difference is that photos and videos can be watched or played in either portrait or landscape mode. The Zune can also be modified to play games and can play in many different audio formats. It also has a Zune-to-Zune wireless sharing of music and photos. Next is Zune 4 which has the generation of 8 and 16. According to Surhone et al. (2010), it can be clicked 5 ways. Like its predecessor, it has Wi-Fi used for wireless sharing of photos and music in other Zune. It has also a FM radio. Zune 80 or 120 was the next release for the Microsoft, which produce positive results as it was called an â€Å"iPod alternative†. The features are the same as its previous predecessor but with higher capacity as the number indicated in the name and bigger screen.   The most recent release is the the Zune HD. As its name suggests, one can buy and rent high-definition (HD) movies and TV shows, play HD radio, download apps and games and surf the internet on the Zune HD.  

POLTCS ASSESSMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

POLTCS ASSESSMENT - Essay Example It will complete its 800 years in 2015. The crucial time of emerging requirements reveals the need of formal written document in shape of proper constitution explicating the rights and duties of government bodies and the public individuals (McLean, 2010). Absence of constitution does not mean that United Kingdom does not have any constitution; rather it means the absence of a complied document that could conjoin the contemporary practices of constitutional nature such as from Magna Carta, Bill of rights and parliamentary acts plus the unwritten conventions which are followed broadly. The essential question, which is put forward to get the answer of need of a written constitution, is further divided in to two extremes. One reveals that this would help the UK to integrate with other nations which have their written constitutions while the other explains that there is no need of a constitution because the running monarch system is substantial to meet up the requirements effectively. It is also considered that a new document may confuse the people’s vision and may make it vague because every legislative participant is immune to the current contemporary practices (Kwan, 2010). The power of parliament, that exposes enacting or discontinuing any law with in the country, is known as doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty. It also includes premier rights and laws as well as institutional structure. Mutual consent of all branches of the government, which include Judiciary, legislation and executive, is important and vital to pass any law and order. European convention of human rights protected fundamental higher status to rights and impacted an immediate consequence in contour of Human Rights Act 1998. In current scenario, the act may be reinstated by a straightforward majority as it has been elucidated in above statement (Colley, 2011). The establishment of the rights is expected as The proposed rights by council of Europe must be recognized and accepted by the en tire European Democratic Agencies Most of the clauses are identical as which are practiced by Britain Judicial Department as after consenting the Bill of Rights in 1689, it is simply the re statement of rephrasing of the contemporary upholding The national judiciary contemplates the rights in adjustment to domestic piece of law. It is accommodated in such a way that its compatibility with general legislative laws is not harmed. In order to explain the role of written constitution and definition of its significance, the role of several branches of government is required to delineate at priority basis. After lucid prioritization, it would be more favorable to generate the outline structure of constitution document in written form. It does not possess momentous importance that the constitution needs to explain the overall structural outline of government supportive institutions. In lieu of defining the role of institutions in profundity, it is enough to explain the limitation of powers . It is a pre requisite of not getting the constitution over complex. Such as, the constitution of United States does not explain the procedure of elections and polling as well as the senate structure (Consoc.org.uk). A general referendum should be conducted in order to

Sustainability and visual arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability and visual arts - Essay Example The paper tells that nature has had a long history of influencing art, one that has extended from the masters bringing their palettes into their gardens to the contemporary earthworks of Andy Goldsworthy and others. However, in order for art to continue to be influenced by nature there must be nature to be influenced by. In a society where the population and urban landscapes are every burgeoning, Susan Leibovitz Steinman creates new landscapes out of urban devastation to promote sustainability and environmental education. Unlike other artist, who work in sites that can be difficult for the average viewer to experience firsthand, Steinman works in the heart of cities. In Mandela Artscape, Steinman literally worked in the middle of the street, at the crossroads of industry and ecology. This project involved regrouping West Oakland community members to reclaim a part of their town that had been destroyed by an earthquake in 1989, by turning the site into a creative, interactive, and env ironmentally friendly work of art. Steinman is not the first to transform the horrors ofa natural disaster into a reclamation project. In 1964, the "Great Good Friday Earthquake," the second largest recorded earthquake at that time with a magnitude of 9.2 on the Richter Scale, struck Anchorage, Alaska. One-hundred-and-thirty-one people perished, towns were buried, and tsunamis tore across the area. The only possible positive outcome of such a terrible natural catastrophe is the proactive and innovative reaction of the survivors. (US Geological Survey, 2004). The Anchorage Earthquake Park (figure 2) is the result of one particular reaction. The goal of this park was to reclaim a destroyed area and to educate people about the earthquake. There are bike paths, cross-country ski trails, picnic tables, and most importantly, information panels. In 1973, Smithson congratulated the people who reclaimed the Anchorage site through the creation of a park, stating that this action was "an inter esting way of dealing with the unexpected, and incorporating that into the community"(Smithson in Holt 1979: 192). Figure 2: The Anchorage Earthquake Park (Source: http://www.igougo.com/journal-j34852-Anchorage-The_Seward_Highway_Americas_Most_Scenic_Byway.html) The significance of Steinman's work, and that which distinguishes Mandela Artscape from the Anchorage Earthquake Park, is the interactive nature of the creative process, as people from the community were involved in every aspect of the project. It is also this element of engagement with the public that differentiates Steinman's work from others. Promoting Sustainability Steinman is critical of Western capitalist society. She is involved in many groups that have emerged as a response to the problem that the consumerist ideology presents. The Women Environmental Artists Directory (WEAD), for example, is an artist-produced, non-profit, national and international organization that Steinman and Jo Hanson founded in 1996. The WEAD lists over two hundred artists, all of whom adopt an activist approach to raising environmental awareness through art. Themes involve site, community and habitat specificity, an educational agenda, public participation, and works that are often temporary - many ideas that overlap with the new genre public art ideology (Hanson and Steinman, 2012). Steinman is also involved with a group called "eco art network" Similarly, the mandate of this group is to create ecological works of art that promote sustainability and environmental education (Ecoartnetwork.org, 2012). Consumerism is a basic concern for artists involved in environmental art, sometimes referred to as "ecoart." As stated by artist Ruth Wallen, "much ecoart is motivated by a recognition that current patterns

POLTCS ASSESSMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

POLTCS ASSESSMENT - Essay Example It will complete its 800 years in 2015. The crucial time of emerging requirements reveals the need of formal written document in shape of proper constitution explicating the rights and duties of government bodies and the public individuals (McLean, 2010). Absence of constitution does not mean that United Kingdom does not have any constitution; rather it means the absence of a complied document that could conjoin the contemporary practices of constitutional nature such as from Magna Carta, Bill of rights and parliamentary acts plus the unwritten conventions which are followed broadly. The essential question, which is put forward to get the answer of need of a written constitution, is further divided in to two extremes. One reveals that this would help the UK to integrate with other nations which have their written constitutions while the other explains that there is no need of a constitution because the running monarch system is substantial to meet up the requirements effectively. It is also considered that a new document may confuse the people’s vision and may make it vague because every legislative participant is immune to the current contemporary practices (Kwan, 2010). The power of parliament, that exposes enacting or discontinuing any law with in the country, is known as doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty. It also includes premier rights and laws as well as institutional structure. Mutual consent of all branches of the government, which include Judiciary, legislation and executive, is important and vital to pass any law and order. European convention of human rights protected fundamental higher status to rights and impacted an immediate consequence in contour of Human Rights Act 1998. In current scenario, the act may be reinstated by a straightforward majority as it has been elucidated in above statement (Colley, 2011). The establishment of the rights is expected as The proposed rights by council of Europe must be recognized and accepted by the en tire European Democratic Agencies Most of the clauses are identical as which are practiced by Britain Judicial Department as after consenting the Bill of Rights in 1689, it is simply the re statement of rephrasing of the contemporary upholding The national judiciary contemplates the rights in adjustment to domestic piece of law. It is accommodated in such a way that its compatibility with general legislative laws is not harmed. In order to explain the role of written constitution and definition of its significance, the role of several branches of government is required to delineate at priority basis. After lucid prioritization, it would be more favorable to generate the outline structure of constitution document in written form. It does not possess momentous importance that the constitution needs to explain the overall structural outline of government supportive institutions. In lieu of defining the role of institutions in profundity, it is enough to explain the limitation of powers . It is a pre requisite of not getting the constitution over complex. Such as, the constitution of United States does not explain the procedure of elections and polling as well as the senate structure (Consoc.org.uk). A general referendum should be conducted in order to

The Credit Crisis and the Resulting Effects on the Financial World Essay Example for Free

The Credit Crisis and the Resulting Effects on the Financial World Essay All of these events are what has led to what analysts have said to be a recession. This paper will attempt to explain the causes that credit issues had on the financial crisis as well as show how liquidity played a major role in throwing debt markets into panic and in some cases failure. I will also give some insight into how the debt markets became inactive because of these issues. We will also take a look at how interest rates affected this crisis as well as how the stock market and initial public offerings (IPOs) were affected. The Beginnings of the Bubble Burst After the internet bubble burst of 2000 the Federal Reserve Bank was worried about a serious deflationary period. Because of this fear they did not want to counteract the housing bubble. The Federal Reserve Bank actually lowered the federal funds rate from 6. 5% to 1% in the period from 2000 to 2003. This was done in order to soften the blow from the internet bubble and was encouraging people to borrow at faster rates. During this time period, banks also went through a serious transformation period where instead of holding onto debt, they used new financial innovations to bundle them and sell the risk off onto other investors. This process was named originate and distribute. In this banking model loans were put together, tranched and sold via securitization. To tranche means to slice up the pool of debt into say slices of a pie. Each pie slice has a different risk involved, credit rating and thus different amounts of interest paid. Securitization is where these slices are then sold to different investors as bonds or Collaterized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). The principal and interest on the debt, underlying the security, is paid back to the various investors regularly. These types of new innovations led to new investors and thus access to more liquidity for banks. Banks began to thrive with all the new opportunities for them to create more liquidity. As you can see from this chart, Securitization was being exploited at alarming rates. [pic] This in turn, allowed them to be able to lend more money. The problem was not the increased amounts of loans that banks gave out, the problem lied with whom these banks were lending money. Of course the added pressures growing in the market from the government and financial institutions werent helping matters. As I mentioned earlier, The Federal Reserve Bank was lowering the federal funds rate in the years of 2000 through 2003 which encouraged people to invest in real estate. At the time the real estate market was on a tremendous upswing. However in the years of 2004 through 2006 they started increasing the federal funds rate (FFR) which made 1-5 year adjustable rate mortgages more expensive to reset for homeowners. There was another side effect of the rising FFR, generally when interest rates rise, assets fall in value. This would mean that speculation in real estate would be much riskier for investors, and this may have led to the eventual housing bubble burst. However this did not stop banks from targeting a new market. A new customer target entered the market for banking systems, Sub-prime borrowers. Originally, banks were, for the most part only lending to prime borrowers, a group of borrowers who are considered the most credit-worthy, indicated by a FICO score greater than 720. These prime borrowers were able to borrow money at the markets best interest rate and were also considered safe investments. Sub-prime borrowers on the other hand, were less than desirable potential customers to lend to. Their credit ratings were much lower than prime borrowers, meaning they were more likely to be late with payments on loans or even default all together. Now, initially banks may have strayed away from giving as many loans out to sub-prime borrowers as they did, however added pressures by the government and financial institutions were mounting. When the Securities and Exchange Commission relaxed the net capital rule in 2004, this allowed the five biggest investment banks to dramatically increase the leverage they could use and also allowed them to aggressively expand on their issuance of mortgage backed securities (an asset-backed security or debt obligation that represents a claim on the cash flows from mortgage loans through securitization). This then pressured government entities such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to expand their riskier lending to sub-prime borrowers, and this led as an example for other banks that followed suit. Financial Market Begins to Feel the Pain and the Onslaught of Liquidity Issues Arise The rise of securitized products ultimately led to a flood of cheap credit, and lending standards fell. Now that banks had a way to get rid of the majority of risk involved in lending money, via securitized products being sold to financial institutions, they took an easy going approach to approving and monitoring loans. Banks came up with new ways to give out mortgage loans with no down-payments, jobs and even income! These were called piggyback mortgages (the combination of two loans to take the need of a down payment away) and NINJA (no income, no job or assets). These loans were given on the assumption that people if people needed money they could always refinance and actually horribly wrong and in fact the opposite happened. Loans started to default a domino effect began causing liquidity crisis as well as other issues. The trigger for the liquidity crisis began in early 2007, when sub-prime mortgage defaults started increasing at damageable speeds. Mortgage-backed Securities, CDOs and asset-backed securities (a security whose value and income payments are derived from and collateralized (or backed) by a specified pool of underlying assets) all took a huge hit. This dominoed into the shadow banking system (financial institutions that do not have the same regulations as banks because they do not take deposits like banks do) causing many institutions great problems. The major issue was that a lot of these shadow banks had borrowed from investors in short-term, liquid markets (such as money markets and commercial paper markets) and then took this money and lent it out to corporations or invested in long term investments, less liquid assets. In most cases these long term assets that were purchased were mortgage-backed securities. So as you can see the default on sub-prime mortgages was deeply intertwined with all that shadow banking systems were involved in. Once the mortgages defaulted and investors became weary of investing in mortgage backed securities, these financial institutions that had so heavily depended on short term monetary loans from the investors were finding themselves quickly bankrupt. Because the shadow banks are not regulated such as depository banks they are also not able to use the lender of last resort, the U. S. Central Bank. In short financial institutions were in a serious bind. They needed to sell their long term loans for cents on the dollar to be able to pay off the short term loan payments and in the end many institutions were out of business. Some notable companies in 2008 that closed down shop were Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. And the long and short of it is that these financial institutions were also highly leveraged. That coupled with the long term illiquid investments they held were the shadow bankers downfall. The effects of defaulted mortgages did not stop there. The effects of defaulted mortgages continued to snowball into a huge problem for such companies as AIG. AIG is an international insurance company that had heavily invested in credit default swaps. The major problem that started the downfall of AIG was the downgrade of its credit rating. When you have a credit rating of AAA you do not, by industry standards, have to give collateral when entering into credit swaps. When AIG had to start providing collateral with their trading counter parties the problem of liquidity started. This was not just a small problem either; they had backed 100 cents on the dollar to CDSs. They had engaged in over 440 billion dollars worth of CDSs of which almost 60 billion were structured by sub-prime loans. In their first half of 2008 they reported 13. 2 billion in losses. They were on the verge of what could have sent our whole financial system into chaos. Had AIG failed it would have sent a wave of bankruptcy through the financial world that would have collapsed the entire market. Because after all, they were insuring financial institutions, who were holding risk for banks who had defaulted mortgage loans. The bailout by the U. S. Government saved AIG by giving them the biggest bailout in history, 85 billion dollars (of which the US Government got an 80 percent equity stake). That was not even the end of it; AIG was given another 77 billion after that. The buck basically stopped with AIG, as they were too big to fail. They had offered a product that while markets were doing well AIG was successful, but as the market declined they entered into what analysts say was inevitable. They offered to cover all risk when offering 100 cents on the dollar, and once the defaults on prime mortgages made it through the entire financial world they had to back the product they offered in CDSs and obviously they could not. The Financial Market Freezes The collapse of the shadow banking system was an igniter of the market freezing. They had accounted for one third of all U. S. lending mechanisms leading into this crisis. The reasoning was because investors that had been supporting the financial institutions with short term money loans quickly bailed out once things started to go wrong. With this absence of monetary injection into the shadow banking systems they were no longer able to fund mortgage funds, corporations and others in need of their services. This caused banks to have a serious absence of liquidity as well, leading them to start hoarding money. This meant that instead of banks loaning to counter-parties in need they held onto the funds in fear of needing liquidity in the future. This was a serious problem and one that will not be fixed in years to come. A lot of the forms of securitization that were once available are likely gone forever. The reasoning behind them disappearing is that they were designed in a time of very loose credit conditions and that time has gone, at least for now. While banks have raised their lending standards it was the rise and fall of shadow banks that inevitably led to the inactivity of debt markets. The Stock Market Follows As I mentioned earlier, the defaults on sub-prime mortgages spiraled into many liquidity problems in the financial markets. They caused investors to start fearing that markets would continue to drop. Banking institutions bankrupted, and with AIG on the brink of disaster, matters only got worse. Investors caused bank runs (Groups of people all withdrawing money from banking institutions at the same time), Illiquidity, and massive panic in stock markets. As we can see from this table, The S;P 500 index was significantly hit by these defaults. As you can see, during the crisis period volatility was 43. 6% (325% of pre-crisis period). [pic] This table reflects how the average investor was feeling about the market. As you can see in the post-crisis analysis the market volatility is still at 20. 9% and the average is actually lower than the crisis period. This next chart reflects the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DOW). As you can see here, the chart mirrors the information given in the last table. March 2009 was the low point of the market (where the crisis ended), and the market has rebounded. It has not yet returned to its previous high of 14,000 but it has steadily been on the incline since March 2009. This gives us hope in looking to the future, that even in the trenches our economy can rebound. Effects on Initial Public Offerings Initial public offerings are the first sale of stock by a company to the public. This allows companies big and small to raise capital for their firms. With the severe economic downturn in 2008, it sent a wave of negative effects worldwide, which hit the IPO markets hard. IPO markets plummeted by over 60% in both deal numbers and funds raised. Up until 2008, there had been record-setting years with IPOs. The problem lied with the illiquid markets. There was a significantly less money that investors were willing to supply for IPOs. Although IPOs were taking a significant hit, U. S. and China still led the way as far as funds raised from IPOs Companies with strong business plans and innovative products for the economy were still able to realize positive gains in the public markets. Looking towards the future, IPOs will rebound. Analysts say that signs point to new horizons for IPOs, favoring companies that offer innovative and public solutions for the changing environment. Looking Towards the Future In short, our financial world hit a wall when sub-prime mortgages were abused. Securitization multiplied the effects from default mortgages causing financial ripples that destroyed many firms. Other problems such as the relaxing of regulations and the pressures from the U. S government to give out sub-prime mortgages only made things worse. Greed ran wild and should have taught us a lesson on what deregulation and the abuse of sub-prime borrowers can do to markets. We also need to keep banks more regulated and have the government always keeping a watchful eye on the shadow banking system. Congress and the Obama Administration have taken the first step forward to preventing a repeat by putting into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. As regulators begin the rule-making process it is estimated that the act mandates nearly 250 regulations and 70 studies. Just as quickly as it was passed, however, the industry was hard at work lobbying to diminish the protections under the act by intervening as much as possible in the rule-making process that follows any such legislation. Additionally, the industry lobbyist are hard at work in an effort to get the newly elected Republican-controlled House of Representatives to weaken the legislation’s impact through low funding of the various regulatory enforcement provisions. I would hope that in the future we can learn from this crisis and realize that lending to borrowers with good credit, and income that can afford the payments of a loan, are very important aspects in lending. Equally, financial institutions must get back to seriously following their own loan policies, since most policiesthat were ignored allowed for loans to be approved that should not have been. . Works Cited 1. United States. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The Financial Crisis Timeline. Web 09 Dec. 2010.

Population Changes in Japan

Population Changes in Japan Mustafa Ameen Introduction Population in a country is a source of vitality, and it is involved in a variety of costs to maintain a reasonable standard of living. Particularly for resource-poor Island nation like Japan, which has a population of very large or excessively small is a serious problem. Size is not the only issue; structure of the population is also an important factor. For example, it can be severe imbalances between the sexes threaten the stability of marriage and the family in society monogamous. If the number of senior citizens is large compared with the working-age population, the latter bears a heavy burden to support, and possibly the collapse of the pension system. Issues such as these cannot be ignored by anyone who wishes to understand the political choices and social problems facing Japan or to consider the prospects for the countrys future in the near term. This case study looks at the country with a declining and aging population. Japan has a population of about 127 million people, the tenth largest in the world, but it is unusual because the population is decreasing. Only a small number of other countries (such as Italy, Germany and Russia) have low population, but none is expected to fall as fast as the population of Japan. The mortality rates also declined dramatically, and the result was that the average length of life has increased by about 30 years over the past half-century. Average life expectancy is now 82 for women and 76 for men. The percentage of people aged 65 years or more than 14% of the population in 1994, and by 2020 is expected to be the number one in the world through this procedure Japan. Japan has nearly 27 million people, the elderly and the largest proportion of over- 65S from any country (21 %, see Figure 1). It also has a smaller proportion of the population under the age of 15 (13.6 %), which will lead to great difficulties for Japan in the future, as the number of employees will not be able to support the population. These changes occur more quickly in Japan than in Europe or the United States, and can seriously affect the economy of one of the richest countries in the world. Rate of Change of population in Japan Until recently, in the 1950s, and Japan is facing a chronic problem too many mouths to feed. In the Edo period (1600-1868) held by the population and the media as a desperate infanticide and abandonment of the elderly. Japans population grew rapidly as it industrialized in the early twentieth century, an increase from 60 million in 1926 up to 100 million in 1967. Since the 1980s, however, has slowed population growth, after peaking in 2005, is now in decline. It is estimated that the population will fall to 121 million by 2025 and 100 million by 2050. What is more alarming is that the proportion of older persons will increase, and by 2030 it is estimated that one person in three will be over 65. This puts great pressure on the country. The course was a contraceptive on the main key for the decline in fertility. And practiced widely in Japan birth control; condom use on a large scale private. And the availability of abortions also undoubtedly helped unwanted pregnancy reduction. Abortion was legalized in Japan in 1948. The law allows for the termination of pregnancy is when persistence poses a serious threat to the physical health of the mothers or for economic reasons. Extended explanation of these causes physical or economic condition is the basis for most abortions. The changing demographics in the population pyramids are shown in Figure 1. Pyramid for 1950 is cone-shaped, with a wide base. However, as the decreased birth and death rates, has changed the form of a large pyramid and will continue to do so. In the pyramid for 2005 is replaced by a broad base of essential part before the bulging; in 2050, there is the upper part of a much larger, which indicates the predominance of the ability of the elderly. Vigorous pace of change in demographics cannot be reversed or even slowed down significantly. Avoid economic stagnation and social and maintain inter-generational equity may be the biggest challenges facing Japan, which grow gray by the year. Figure 1 Japan’s changing population [3] Declining of the population in Japan The main reason for the decline in numbers is that Japanese women are not having enough children. Many Japanese who choose to marry at a later age than in April 2007, on average, between 28 and 30 years old, and this means that they have children later, or not at all. Many women decide to also not to marry, choose to study or pursue a career instead of having children. Japanese culture in the upbringing of children and usually left for the mothers. Very few men take any leave to care for children ( although they are entitled to do so ) , and opinion polls reveal that more than 40 % of parents did not change a nappy or put children to sleep. This fact , and the lack of child-care facilities , which means that the small number of women returning to work after having children , and many women feel and others will have to give up a lot in order to have a family . There are also strong economic reasons why people choose not to have children or to have one or two only. Being pregnant is expensive in Japan, and pregnancy is not covered by health insurance. This means that women should pay for their own medical care during pregnancy, including hospital tests. After birth, and is provided free health care for all children up to the age of three years (or five in some areas). He added that this is the huge costs of education and higher education, and many families decide they can only afford to have one or two children at most. Child Benefit paid by the government to the families of low and barely enough to pay for diapers , not to mention other costs associated with having a family . The effect of population declination in Japan There are two types of special problems that will result from population decline. The first is the cost of caring for people as they get older, and the second is the lack of younger workers to fill the jobs. And more and more people reach retirement age, the country will need to find more money for their pensions. This means that already raising the retirement age and gets more contributions from both employers and employees, and theyll have to revisit again in the future. Already there is evidence of older workers in the shops, at airports, in the Tokyo subway or taxi driving. In the future there will be great pressure on the country as it tries to provide adequate health care to support the elderly. This inevitably means larger tax bills for people who work. The second problem and the most pressing is that companies find it difficult to hire new employees, and this will become more difficult in the future. If you cannot fill the jobs, then productivity will fall, and so the country will prosper. Box 1 World population over 65 Japan Figure 2 Map showing the worldwide distribution of people over 65 years old Figure 3 World map showing land areas The map in Figure 2 is an equal area cartogram in which each country has been sized according to the percentage of its population that is over 65. The colors used group the territories into 12 geographical regions, and allow it to be compared with other maps in the World mapper series (see web link at end of article). Figure 3 is a standard world map based on land areas and using the same colors, for comparison. In 2002, 7% of the world’s population was over 65. The map shows Japan, in purple, with a large elderly population at 21%. This contrasts with Saudi Arabia, where only 1% of the population is over 65. China has the largest elderly population in terms of numbers (92 million), but this is only 7% of the total Chinese population. Africa is home to only 6% of the world’s population aged over 65. Conclusion and future work In the long run, it is hoped that Japanese women can be persuaded to have more children, but social attitudes and trends is difficult for the government to address. Consideration is being given in the reforms, such as increasing the amount of the subsidy of the child, and the provision of tax allowances for families, and make child care more accessible, in the hope that this would lead to an increase in birth rates. However, many people do not think that an increase in birth rates that were not there are also social and cultural changes. In the short term, Japan should solve the labor shortage there. One way is clear to encourage more immigration. Currently there are only about 2 million foreigners live in Japan, and this is not anywhere near enough. There is a need for workers in the full range of functions, including dirty or dangerous jobs that Japanese people do not want to do ( such as cleaning or working in residential homes ) and functions that people need to be highly skilled and trained . Shortage in the engineering and computer programming Japan is well known. Some estimates say that Japan will need at least 500,000 immigrants each year over the next 40 years in order to keep pace. Difficulty with this, however, is that the Japanese as a nation are opposed to immigration. People born Japanese make up 98.5 % of the population, and it is difficult for foreigners to be accepted or to become citizens of Japan. In comparison with Switzerland this rate is 18% of the foreign workforce. Although the Japanese government is considering how to encourage more migrant workers, it also wants to impose controls on immigration. It would be difficult to change the views of the majority of the Japanese people, who fear that immigration threatens to what they see as the purity of Japanese culture. There is no doubt that Japans population in decline, and despite the fact that the government is aware of this problem, and many feel they have been slow to respond. It is unlikely that the elderly population is smaller and increasingly will be able to maintain the productivity and prosperity of the country, unless steps are taken to address the issues of population decline. Figure 3 current population pyramid for japan [5] References World mapper: www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmapper/ wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging of Japan http://www.ithaca.edu/gerontology/schools/pdf/Aging%20in%20Japan.pdf http://www.worldmapper.org/articles/WW_Japan_pop.pdf http://www.indexmundi.com/japan/age_structure.html 1

The Truth is in the Details :: Comparative, The Naturalist

When I received the assignment of comparing and contrasting the â€Å"Naturalist† to that of â€Å"Landscape and Narrative†, admittedly I was a bit dismayed at the idea of analyzing two writings I seemed to comprehend very little of. Upon reading them over and over, jotting down idea after idea, and crumpling up paper after paper, I came to the conclusion that I may or may not be over-thinking the assignment. My interpretation, though a bit underdeveloped, is this: Barry Lopez, in â€Å"The Naturalist† explains what it means to be a naturalist, the expectations a naturalist, and the modern naturalist’s ideology. He speaks of how knowledge is best gained, which he believes is through â€Å"enormously time-consuming† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122) firsthand experience; by â€Å"immersing yourself in its milieu† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 116), or environment. He uses the example of the caracara, in the â€Å"Naturalist.† He says, â€Å"if you wish to understand the caracara, you need to know a great deal about exactly where the caracara lives; and what the caracara’s relationships are with each of the many components of that place, including its elevations, its seasonal light.† (â€Å"The Naturalist 116). This fits in nicely with the point he makes in â€Å": Landscape and Narrative†. He defines two landscapes: external, â€Å"the one we see†¦the land†¦its plants and animals†¦its weather, its geology, the record of its climate and evolution.† (â€Å"Landscape and Narrative† 5). The other is the internal one, which Lopez describes as â€Å"a kind of projection within a part of the exterior landscape.† (â€Å"Landscape and Narrative† 7). More or less, I think he’s saying that one’s mindset, feelings, and purpose are determined by nature; the world around us. Lopez mentions that â€Å"those fresh to a task†¦are the ones most likely to give themselves a deadline†¦which will challenge themselves to know all there is to know† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122) about a particular thing. But, as he points out, â€Å"lack of end points† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122) conflict with â€Å"the short-term demands of modern life.† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122). He refers to the fact that he still goes down to the river and always feels like something new will reveal itself. Putting oneself on a deadline never works. Those opposed to, or believing differently than naturalists, or â€Å"tyrants† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122), â€Å"aim to silence the naturalists† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122), to avoid having their beliefs called into question or contradicted. Lopez fears those people; some in a position of political power, and with an abundance of confidence are â€Å"ready to tell the county commissioners what the river is† (â€Å"The Naturalist† 122).

The Lottery Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Lottery†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Lottery† was quite disturbing to read. It is an very unusual story that has an ending that will have you baffled. You will want to reread certain parts to see if there is anything thing that you could have missed. The title of the short story is also misleading. In most cases the lottery is a good thing. People don’t win punishment and lotteries don’t hurt them. But in this story it does just that. The author did a great job of telling how anyone and everyone can follow tradition blindly. It is dangerous not to have a mind of your own and to just follow the crowd even if you don’t understand on agree on why something is happening.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing that catches the eye while reading this is when the little boys start stuffing their pockets with stones when they arrive there. â€Å"Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones† (264). This is a great example of the mere blindness in following ridiculous traditions. The young boys who started getting stones ready as soon as they got there could not have fully understood the tradition. They could have not understood the complete purpose of the stones. They have seen the adults pick stones in years before and have followed in their footsteps without question as if it were some sort of game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The official of the lottery is ...

Biome Essay

The African Savanna biome is a tropical grassland in Africa between latitude 15Â ° North and 30 degrees S and longitude 15 degrees W and 40Â ° West. It covers Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote D’ivore, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, and South Africa. Around 2 million large plant-eating mammals live in the savanna. There are 45 species of mammals, almost 500 species of birds, and 55 species of acacia in the Serengeti Plains. There are animals such as lions, African wildcats, klipspringer, steenbok, Burchell’s zebra, African Savanna monitor, and puff adders. They have the largest diversity of hoofed animals in the world including antelopes, wildebeest, buffalos, zebras, and rhinoceros. Fire, ground water, water table, soil’s moisture retention, landforms (plateau, mountain, valley) and their slope ( < 3% to > 10%), soil temperate, days of cloud cover versus days of sun for amount of sunlight and it influence, first & last frost dates for growing season. Focus on the limiting factors of the air supply, precipitation, soil types, & light.

How does Shakespeare make Act 1, Scene 1 exciting and dramatic?

Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's most memorable plays. The play is based on star-crossed lovers with tragedy, violence, love and arguments. The story of Romeo and Juliet is about two lovers that can't be together because their families are enemies, but nothing can't stop them and at the end both of them due in a dramatic way. The main themes are romance, tragedy and conflict. The play is relevant for us because those kinds of things still happen, young people kill them self because of love and in some families, the girls can't be able to pick her own husbands, the females have to do the house work and the males are supposed to bring money home. The play was set in the 14th century. Shakespeare had to face loads of challenges to make the play interesting, also he had to keep on improving, to not get the audience throw the food on stage, if they have done that, then this meant that the play is boring. Theatre in Shakespeare era was a place where rich people could go to rest, and have fun, whereas the poor people would be able to earn money, by selling beer, snacks, or collecting the lost money. Theatre nowadays is a place that must be cultural; you are not allowed to throw food on stage, if you do so you have to leave. In Shakespeare era there weren't any spot lights or CD players which form you could be able to play music, or add sound effect, so Shakespeare had to make scene dramatic and exciting by costumes, voices, words and body language. The servants are the first characters on the stage. They grab the audience's attention because servants are not very important, they are on a bottom shelf in your life, and they are also known as not educated people. Thought that all the best things should only happened to them, but over a time everything has changed. Some people would like seeing servant because they are normally low status, so called groundlings. The rich people might felt weird when they saw someone poor on the stage, because how can someone lower classes than them perform, also they never could expect that. The opening scene begins with just two characters on the stage and soon there where more than ten, fighting fiercely. Shakespeare decision to include a fight at the beginning was clever because he made the play exciting and dangerous; most of the people enjoyed it, because when the beginning is great the rest must be much better. `Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them which is disgrace to them, if they bare it` this shows that Sampson is planning everything out carefully, and knows what going to make them fight. Sampson and Gregory are very good friends, and it shows that they trust each other, but Sampson is more clever than him, because he is the one that plans everything out. Tybalt and Benvolio have very contrasting characters. Tybalt seems to be angry while Benvolio is calm. ‘Part, fools! ‘ this shows that Benvolio is trying to stop the fight; this also tells as that Benvolio is a peace maker and that he has manners and he is higher status. The explanation mark show's that he is shouting and trying get attention from the fighters. On the other hand, Tybalt says `As I hate hell, all Montagues and thee`. This quote suggests he is angry and want to continue the trouble, so called fight. The audience might enjoy seeing him on stage. He also shows that he like to be everywhere, where trouble begins, he also must be the start of it, or join in, somebody else's trouble. Shakespeare then changes the mood of opening scene from a serious fight to comical rows between husbands and wives. When Lady Capulet says `A crutch, a crutch! Why call you for a sword? ` it may make the audience giggle or laugh because a women is shouting, at her husband and making him feel old and unusable. The scene could be also dramatic, Lord Capulet could go up and hit the women, and show her no respect. The scene is also exciting because in this scene woman is showing no respect to man, which normally is the other way round. This shows the audience that not only men can be in control, and they are the one that should wear pants, which mean to be in control. The males in the audience would have felt ashamed because the other main male character, is not able to join the fight, because of his wife, she didn't let him. Women however would felt joyful because a woman is keeping a man on a short string. As the scene continues, the fight escalates and Shakespeare introduces Prince Escalus to try and stop the violence. The Prince represents a figure of a strong person, which everybody should be scared of. Prince Escalus represent is responsible for everything that happens; he is like a boss or leader to everyone. He is protecting, and making sure everyone is safe when he is around. Shakespeare needs this character to be able to change the mood of the play. In the Elizabethan era everyone enjoyed the fight in the play, because it was difficult to see them on the street. Fights were improving everyone's humor, so Shakespeare had needed a character to stop the fight, and make the audience react differently. The audience could be very angry about stopping something that they had enjoyed. The upper classes may be happy because the violence has stopped, and is not giving anyone such a bad example. The groundling will be upset, because they are not used to see fight with upper class people. The prince speech used language to create a change of mood, `Purple foundations issuing my veins. In this quotation the Prince had used a metaphor, he is trying to compare our veins to foundations, because the blood would never stop going around our body. He is trying to tell everyone that, the anger should stay inside of us, like the blood in veins; Prince is also trying to say that the fight is unneeded. This gives us impression that the Prince is treating everyone equal, he never keeps anyone's side. This language contributes to making Act 1, Scene 1 a dramatic and effective opening, because Prince is changing the mood, he also shows everyone his opinion about fighting. The introduction of Romeo to the opening scene is interesting because we get to learn more about his character before he even appears on stage. From Benvolio and Lord Montague we learn that Romeo is fed up, sad and unhappy. This can make the audience feel curious or annoyed because the main character, start form being very negative about life, while he is rich and can get anything he want. Romeo's conversation with his cousin reveals a lot about his character and grabs the audience's attention. ` Why the, O brawling love, O loving hate` Romeo is talking about love difficulty, why does it have to be so painful. Romeo had used oxymoron's, `loving hate` those two words are opposite of each other, by using language like that he shows the audience that he is very confused about his life. The audience alternatively might think that Romeo is too young to know anything about love problems, and that he is not able to show his emotions. Normally 15 years old boy should have a positive character, and minds full of having fun. Shakespeare adds more elements of drama to the first scene, when Benvolio tells Romeo that he should have another look for good-looking girls. By giving liberty into thine eyes, examine other beauties. ` This could be exacting because Romeo could have an argument with him, about what love really is, and it not about only being beauty. Benvolio had sounded like, he never would understand love, and all he thinks about is girls' beauty, not what she has to offers, inside her. He is not trying to understand Romeo feeling, he is telling him, to try to find someone else, and forget about the other girl. In my conclusion, Act 1 Scene 1 is very exciting and dramatic, it makes the audience want to see more, it also explains the whole play action. Shakespeare successfully had used the first scene to introduce the themes of the play, love, argument, tragedy. Shakespeare also had good introducing of characters, such as Romeo and enemies, Shakespeare engages with a range of audience members, through language, action, humor and romance, for example females would be excited when they will be seeing romance, whereas males would be very excited watching fights. In my opinion the play is great for young people, because it explains how much love can be painful and the confusion about it, like Romeo had with Rosaline. The most dramatic and exciting scene was when Romeo was talking with Benvolio, about Rosaline. I thought that he might even kill himself, Benvolio was replaying in humor way, he really didn't understand what Romeo was saying, Romeo was very negative character, what made everything very dramatic, because nobody could think of what goes around 15 years old boy minds. He could think of death, or of ways to die. Form first scene you get the understanding, about the whole play, it tells you everything step by step.